http://www.bundeswehr-journal.de/2018/b ... in-afrika/Demzufolge war die Bundeswehr an diesem Anti-Terror-Training mit elf Soldaten in Quallam im westafrikanischen Niger und mit 65 Soldaten in Tunesien im Raum Bizerte vertreten. Dass „darüber hinaus der Bundesregierung keine eigenen Erkenntnisse“ zu „Flintlock 2018“ vorliegen sollen (so Tauber am Schluss seiner Antwort), mag man kaum glauben …
Coopération et Exercices de Armée et Forces de Sécurité Tunisiennes
Coopération et Exercices de Armée et Forces de Sécurité Tunisiennes
Les allemandes a Bizerte
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JRTC hosts Tunisian army for training
For rotation 18-08, one of the units came all the way from Tunisia to participate. Last year, a small contingent of Tunisians served as the host nation force battalion staff, learning about the technology and methods used in tactical operations centers. This year, the group was larger — 124 personnel — 99 of which served in an infantry role, and the rest making up the battalion staff.
“We have had the Tunisians with us before, and they brought a phenomenal staff element that worked with our units,” said Col. David Doyle, commander, JRTC Operations Group..........Etheridge explained what the Tunisians will accomplish during the rotation.
“There is a three-fold objective for the Tunisians training here,” he said. “One is tactical (proficiency), the second is training up their (observer-controller-trainers) so they can take those skills back to their version of JRTC, and the third is improving staff operations. They seem pretty happy with how training is going in all three of these objectives.”........“They (the Tunisians) set the goals for training and we help (facilitate) that,” he said. “We look at some of the tactics and techniques that they use in their home country to fight the threat they encounter there, and we, as advisors, look at how we can help them become more lethal in that endeavor. We don’t try to make them do things the way we do, but rather show them the science of why we do what we do, then build upon the way they do things.”
The use of OCTs is a new concept for the Tunisians, and they want to begin incorporating them during their home-station training. For rotation 18-08, that means applying a train-the-trainer concept.
The Tunisians OCTs are paired with U.S. OCTs to compare notes and learn about the OCT role.
“Learning this way is a big benefit to us so we can improve our techniques — how to observe, coach and advise,” said Capt. Saleh Ben Abdellah, Tunisian OCT.
“The take away for the OCT training is how to make the staff understand their weakness and flaws (respectfully) — it’s not so easy because this is new, but we accept it,” he said. “My role here is to see how the Tunisian (staff) run the command post and how they do their work — how they plan and instruct the soldiers to carry out the missions. I have learned a great deal.”
But it’s not just the Tunisian OCTs getting practical experience from this rotation.
“It’s also good for our (U.S. Army) advisors, to get that practical exercise in working with a different nation’s military and learning how to facilitate training for them,” said White. “Being an advisor means having a skill set that not a lot of people have, and if you don’t do it often, you may forget things.”
Bober agreed. “It’s not just us teaching them — I’ve learned a lot too,” he said. “It’s been a good experience on both sides.”
Doyle said that while the 3rd Bn, 353rd Armor Reg OCTs do this for a living, it’s still a good experience.
“They work with all the partners from the Middle East. That means we will be able to compliment the Tunisian force with specific OCTs who have this as their day job, while the rest watch and learn how the BCT makes decisions in interacting with an international partner,” said Doyle. “So that’s great for the OCTs.”
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Re: Coopération et Exercices de Armée et Forces de Sécurité Tunisiennes
Tunisia's navy the embodiment of a true FMS partner
Tunisia's navy is the embodiment of a true FMS partner for the U.S.
"Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success."
Henry Ford
The United States' foreign military sales (FMS) program with the Tunisian National Navy is the embodiment of a security cooperation "win." It has accomplished both the practical and ideological goals that the program is designed to advance and is a model that stakeholders in developing FMS programs can strive to replicate.
Defining Tunisia's identity is an exercise in balancing competing influences. Tunisia exists both literally and figuratively between the haves and the have-nots. The culture of Tunisia, located in the center of North Africa, is influenced as much by its ties to Europe as by ties to its Arab neighbors. Much like its culture, Tunisia's economy is also closely tied to North African and European markets. Surrounded by major oil-producing OPEC members, Tunisia possesses few of the petroleum resources that fill its neighbors' coffers. Despite the lack of natural resources (or perhaps because of it), Tunisia has developed a relatively balanced economy that ranks among the highest in Africa.
Despite Tunisia's emergence as the only sustained success story from the Arab Spring of 2010, Tunisia still faces existential challenges because of lingering regional instability. The volatility that defines the country's borders--particularly with Libya to the east--has created a compelling need for enhanced border security, holistically comprising land, maritime and air components. The Tunisian government has chosen to leverage its security cooperation relationship with the United States effectively to strengthen naval capacity and counter the heightened threats the country faces--exemplifying one of the overarching purposes of U.S. security cooperation efforts, to "develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations."
A CONFLUENCE OF EVENTS
The catalyst for the dramatic recent growth in the Tunisian navy's FMS program was two separate but virtually identical cases. In 2009, the Tunisian government received $7 million in foreign military financing from the U.S. for enhancement of maritime security, as well as $7.5 million to complement Tunisian foreign military financing through the Building Partnership Capacity program. These two cases led to the delivery of 10 25-foot Response boats (nearly identical to the U.S. Coast Guard's Response Boat-Small) and five 44-foot Response boats (similar to the Coast Guard's Response Boat-Medium), along with a robust package of spare parts, training and support.
This large, singular injection of vessels into the Tunisian fleet amounted to a wholesale recapitalization of its existing territorial water patrol capability. The new vessels replaced the Tunisian National Navy's aging small boats (smaller than 65 feet), which up to that point had been used for patrolling, search and rescue and interdiction.
The first 15 Response boats were delivered in 2011 as the country was still adjusting to the new realities brought about by the Jasmine Revolution. In a twist of irony, the instability caused by the revolution proved to be extremely fortunate for the Tunisian navy's FMS program. The ousting of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali established several conditions that impacted the United States' FMS relationship with Tunisia.
The first of these conditions was that the Tunisian military remained apolitical during the revolution. This deference to the will of the people instead of the orders of the long-standing president engendered a profound respect for the professionalism, competence and judgment of the military as an institution. This enabled the United States to continue its security assistance programs, provided added justification for investing U.S. funds, and ensured that the Tunisian military was well-positioned to justify future internal funding within Tunisia's nascent democracy.
Second, the removal of the Ben Ali regime allowed for re-energized engagement with the United States. The final years of the regime were marked by a visible shift away from engagement with the United States, which by 2010-11 was impeding bilateral military efforts. Ali's departure allowed for a reset in what had been for years a harmonious bilateral relationship.
The last major condition was a sequence of events set in motion by the revolution that dramatically increased the need for enhanced maritime security. One immediate result of the turmoil was a huge increase in the number of migrants taking to small vessels and attempting to cross the Mediterranean. This included Tunisian nationals looking for greater opportunity in Europe as well as other African nationals using Tunisia as a transit point.
With the nearest Italian islands roughly 45 miles away, Tunisian coastal waters became a key transit zone for refugees willing to risk their lives to reach Europe. Many of the vessels used for this journey were not seaworthy, and the Tunisian navy's workload dramatically increased as it attempted to rescue thousands of migrants from doomed crossing attempts.
REGIONAL INSTABILITY
The security challenges for Tunisia were compounded as the Arab Spring spread across the region. The single most impactful event of this period for Tunisia was the fall of the Moammar Gadhafi regime in Libya in 2011. The destabilization of Libya dramatically increased the need for enhanced maritime security because of the amplified risk from smuggled goods, weapons and militants to and from Libya and the exponential increase in the number of migrants taking to small vessels and attempting to cross the Mediterranean.
After the success of the initial FMS cases in 2009, the United States increased foreign military investments in the Tunisian National Navy. Between 2010 and 2013, the Tunisian navy received 22 Response boats ranging in size from 25 to 44 feet, along with a large support package. The Tunisians also spent their own national funds to help purchase four 65-foot Archangels made by SAFE Boats International of Bremerton, Washington.
The Tunisian navy consistently shaped the expansion of its fleet to mirror its operational requirements. The focus on building significant sustainment capabilities into its FMS cases reflected an institutional awareness of the essential role of maintenance in capacity development. The Tunisian government's willingness to make a significant financial commitment to complement the United States' investment in a Tunisian institution reflects a level of partnership rarely seen with countries receiving foreign military financing.
BUILDING ON SUCCESS
For recipients of foreign military financing from the United States, the concept of national defense self-sufficiency is a bit like a unicorn: People can picture what it looks like, but few have actually seen it materialize. Most recipients lack the will, organizational capacity and resources to generate domestic solutions to defense-related challenges.
The Tunisian navy took a step in that direction in 2015 with the commissioning of its first domestically produced frigate. The vessel, named Al Istiqlal (Independence), was the product of a public-private effort that leveraged the local industrial base. The procurement was run by the Tunisian navy and the entire effort, from funding to design and construction, was carried out domestically.
While the practical impact of vessels from this program will be minimal, at least initially, the symbolic meaning is significant. Moreover, the level of effort and resources it took the Tunisian navy to actually build its own frigate is representative of a highly determined and capable FMS partner.
So why has the FMS program with the Tunisian navy been so successful? Despite the significant maritime security responsibilities that Tunisia's geography entails, its navy employs fewer than 5,000, roughly 10 percent of the Tunisian army's total. There are several key factors that, when aggregated, illustrate why the Tunisian navy has been a far more willing and capable partner than its geographical location or moderate resources would suggest.
The Tunisian navy operates with a level of professionalism that is on par with its major European partners. The vast majority of its naval officers have supplemented their domestic professional military education with courses, exchanges and extended experiences with various navies and industry partners around the world. Unlike the corruption, competing agendas and misallocated resources that define a disproportionate number of FMS programs within U.S. Africa Command, the Tunisian navy has been able to channel its human and material capital into effective use of FMS procurements.
Another major component of the success is the value the Tunisian navy puts on maintenance. A visit to the naval base in Bizerte provides a window through which one can see firsthand the investment the Tunisian National Navy has made in developing repair facilities and technical expertise. Unlike other countries' militaries, whose extensive financial resources allow for the outsourcing of maintenance support, the Tunisian navy has grown its maintenance capability organically. Today its capabilities are on par with commercial shipyards in the region. The combination of having the required elements on hand to conduct the actual maintenance as well as having the institutional focus to maximize these assets has made this capacity development possible.
Finally, the Tunisian navy has actively embraced international partnerships in a way that has allowed the organization to gain maximum benefit. Unlike its neighbors whose paths to independence created cultural fissures that still dramatically impact their foreign policy, Tunisia's independence became an enabler of political relationships.
The break from France in 1956 left fewer lingering repercussions than the independence process in much of North Africa, and did not result in the Tunisians gravitating to an ideological hegemon at the expense of all other relationships. Tunisia has remained close to France while also building on historical and geographical ties with numerous other partners. Tunisia was even formally recognized as a U.S. major non-NATO ally in 2015.
As a result of these relationships, the Tunisians have been able to draw on both material resources and expertise from a wide range of sources. A look at its fleet shows vessels built in the U.S., Germany and Italy, among others. The Tunisian navy is a regular participant in multinational exercises such as Phoenix Express, sponsored by the U.S. Africa Command and conducted by U.S. Naval Forces Africa.
Operationally, the Tunisian navy regularly works with its European and African neighbors to address the ongoing humanitarian and security crises in the southern Mediterranean. The Tunisian navy is able to benefit from all of these relationships in a way that dramatically increases overall institutional capacity.
CONCLUSION
The Security Assistance Management Manual, the document that codifies the policies of the U.S. security cooperation program, does not provide a checklist for defining a "successful" program. It does, however, define ideological and practical objectives that the program is designed to develop, including:
Progression from development of a basic capacity to more capable assets.
The establishment of an organic ability to maintain those assets.
An eventual progression to self-sustainability.
Governing the capacity development aspect of security cooperation is the overarching goal of establishing a vested sense of "ownership" in the partner service. To reflect a true partnership at the most fundamental level requires a commitment of resources from both partners. The United States' FMS program with the Tunisian navy has evolved over the past 10 years to reflect these ideological and practical objectives to a degree rarely seen in any FMS partner, let alone one working through the fiscal constraints and security challenges faced by the Tunisian navy program. This partnership provides the ideal model of security cooperation for other developing FMS partners to emulate.
For more information, go to http://www.dsca.mil/.
DISCLAIMER
The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the individual author and do not necessarily represent the official position or view of the Department of Defense or any other governmental entity. References to this article should include the foregoing statement.
MR. BENJAMIN POSIL is a security cooperation professional with more than 10 years' experience in the field. He is a major in the Maryland Army National Guard, where he recently completed a 10-month deployment to Afghanistan. He has earned MBA degrees from the University of South Carolina and Wirtschaftuniversität Wien in Vienna, Austria, along with an M.S. in international relations from Troy State University. He also has a B.A. in international relations and Latin American studies from the University of Delaware. He is a Navy Acquisition Corps member and a certified program manager through both DAWIA (Level II) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Level III).
The author would like to give special thanks to Lt. Cmdr. Ryan "TBD" Guard for his insight and support.
https://www.army.mil/article/211233/tun ... ms_partner
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Re: Coopération et Exercices de Armée et Forces de Sécurité Tunisiennes
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Saudi, Tunisian air forces to undertake joint exercises.
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Saudi, Tunisian air forces to undertake joint exercises.
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Re: Coopération et Exercices de Armée et Forces de Sécurité Tunisiennes
africanmanager+NessmaLes exercices militaires conjoints tuniso-américains “African Lion 2019”, dès lundi
Dans le cadre du programme ‘’African Lion 2019’’, mis en place par l’AFRICOM, des exercices militaires conjoints tuniso-américains, auront lieu à partir du lundi 25 mars 2019, jusqu’au 4 avril prochain.
Prennent part à ces manœuvres, des formations militaires tunisiennes et américaines et des observateurs britanniques.
Selon le communiqué du ministère de la Défense, ces entrainements ont pour objectif de renforcer le savoir-faire des formations militaires et leur aptitude au combat, l'acquisition d'expérience, ainsi que l'amélioration de leur promptitude et de leur capacité à planifier des opérations et à organiser les secours lors d’opérations militaires.
Une phase préparatoire a eu lieu au Maroc du 22 février dernier au 15 mars courant avec la participation de 8 militaires tunisiens. Parallèlement, des exercices militaires similaires seront organisés au Maroc avec la participation d'officiers observateurs tunisiens.
A signaler à ce propos que le navire de guerre américain USS Arlington a accosté au port de la Goulette pour participer aux exercices s communs entre les forces navales tunisiennes et américaines.
Il est doté d’une force militaire blindée, composée de transport de troupes des marines et de véhicules militaires amphibies avancés. La force militaire compte 1 000 soldats, 400 des forces navales américaines et 600 des Marines, capables de mener des opérations sur le terrain.
Huit hélicoptères de type opérationnel “AH1 Cobra” stationnent également à bord du navire supervisés par un certain nombre de pilotes de guerre américains.
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Tunisian soldiers protect village role-players and render first aid after a mass casualty exercise at the Joint Rediness Training Center in Fort Polk, LA on April 19, 2019
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Ambassade de France à TunisCoopération de défense franco-tunisienne
La coopération de défense entre les forces armées françaises et tunisiennes, déjà ancienne, a pris un nouvel élan après les attentats de 2015 et la signature d’une lettre d’intention visant à s’engager mutuellement sur le long terme dans la lutte contre le terrorisme.
En 2019, au sein de cette coopération qui compte plus de 200 actions annuelles, deux domaines demeurent prioritaires : celui des Forces Spéciales et du renseignement.
Ceci n’exclut pas ce qui se fait dans la lutte contre les engins explosifs improvisés, la formation de spécialistes, et la montée en puissance des centres d’excellence tunisiens. La prochaine commission militaire mixte aura lieu à la fin de l’année 2019 en Tunisie.
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mil.beCoopération belgo-tunisienne
LE MINISTRE PRÉSENTE LES OPÉRATIONS 2019:
Le ministre de la Défense, chargé de la Fonction publique, Sander Loones, présentait les opérations planifiées pour l'année prochaine. La Belgique se concentrera une nouvelle fois sur l'engagement international et la lutte contre le terrorisme sur notre territoire comme à l'étranger.......
En Tunisie, des instructeurs belges dispenseront une formation aux tireurs d’élite ...
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Embassy of Canada to Tunisia
The Ambassador Carol McQueen hosted a reception at her residence in order to celebrate military cooperation Canada-Tunisia after two weeks of joint training between the Canadian Armed Forces and the Tunisian Armed Forces
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AFRICOM Commander meets Tunisian defence officials
Written by Africom - 20th May 201927
Thomas Waldhauser in Tunisia.
The top U.S. commander in Africa met with Tunisian defense leaders in Tunis last week to discuss security concerns in the region and opportunities for strengthening partnerships.
Marine Corps Gen. Thomas D. Waldhauser, commander, U.S. Africa Command, along with U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia Donald Blome, engaged with the Tunisian minister of defense and service chiefs in a wide-ranging discussion addressing AFRICOM’s role in the region as well as exploring common challenges and areas to partner in the future, AFRICOM said.
“Tunisia is a strong and valued partner,” Waldhauser said. “They are actively engaged in AFRICOM multi-national military exercises, airlift missions, and share our commitment to degrading violent extremist organization influence in the region.”
While the National Defense Strategy and the U.S. National Security Strategy prioritize Great Power Competition globally, developing a secure environment to foster economic development, maintaining operations against violent extremist organizations and addressing ongoing security challenges remain as focus areas. The U.S. continues to emphasize the importance of strengthening partnerships and how strong economies, governance, and security intersect.
Broad U.S. teamwork across government is providing key assistance to Tunisia. Earlier in the week, Blome also met with Tunisian Foreign Minister Khemaies Jhinaoui who expressed the importance of strengthening consultation and the sharing of experiences between the two countries.
“In addition to support for job creation and exports, the U.S. provides security assistance to support Tunisia’s military and police to counter terrorism and promote security sector reform,” said Blome. “Tunisia has come a long way in ensuring the safety of its citizens, and the U.S. will remain a steadfast partner in this endeavor.”
During the visit, Waldhauser stressed how AFRICOM will preserve a majority of its U.S. security cooperation, partnerships and programs in Africa in a continued effort to strengthen partner networks while enhancing capability. He highlighted how Tunisia continues to look for ways to partner with the U.S. and is demonstrating this by leading security-related exercises and taking on operations.
“Tunisians are actively enhancing regional security while creating the necessary stability to further economic development,” Waldhauser said. “U.S. security assistance helps enhance partner capacity and regional security.”
Military exercises, senior leader engagements, and security force assistance complement U.S. Embassy programs aimed at creating jobs and supporting Tunisia’s continued democratic development.
Tunisia participates in exercises such as African Lion, Flintlock, and the Phoenix Express series. In 2018 and 2019, Tunisia hosted part of Exercise African Lion. The exercise was designed to enhance tactics, techniques, and procedures for countering violent extremist organizations. In April 2019, Tunisia hosted part of the maritime security exercise Phoenix Express and will do so again next year.
These strong partnerships reflect a commitment by both the U.S. and Tunisia to maintain and grow a strong, prosperous, and secure partnership in the North African region. In North Africa, AFRICOM has largely seen significant progress and a desire for continued interaction and enduring partnership, it said.
This partnership was on display April 29 to May 3 in Cheyenne, Wyoming and in Washington D.C. at the annual U.S.-Tunisia Joint Military Commission, a strategic bilateral engagement.. The Wyoming National Guard is paired with Tunisia as part of the National Guard’s State Partnership Program.
This Department of Defense program connects a state’s National Guard with the armed forces or equivalent of a partner country in a cooperative, mutually beneficial relationship. The Wyoming-Tunisia relationship is one of the longest-standing partnership in the program’s history in Africa.
During the commission, Tunisia and the U.S. reviewed progress on joint military objectives over the last year.
These discussions continued during the AFRICOM and the Department of State meeting in Tunisia.
Tunisian Minister of Defense, Abdelkrim Zbidi, praised the level of cooperation between the U.S. and Tunisia. He specifically cited the increased training, equipment support against unconventional threats, and the U.S.- and German-supported electronic border security system, which will contribute to further security and stability of the country and in the region.
Advancements in Tunisian defense have been made in several areas including border security, counter terrorism operations, intelligence capacity, maturing and building defense institutions, as well as improved conventional and contingency force capacity.
With the recent fighting and instability in neighboring Libya, Waldhauser remarked on the challenging threat environment in the region and how solutions frequently require a combination of diplomatic and international efforts.
He also stated that Tunisia plays a critical role in regional security, emphasizing its sustained commitment to security and counter terrorism efforts. Tunisia has suppressed ISIS and AQIM affiliates and are actively working to prevent these groups from entering its territory. At the same time, Tunisia has also demonstrated a maturing airlift capability and ability to meet rapid mobility requirements.
“Tunisia is committed to countering terrorism and securing its borders,” Waldhauser said. “U.S. Africa Command is working closely with our Tunisian partners to support their counterterrorism efforts and strengthen conventional military capabilities.”
Working by, with, and through African partners to respond to crises allows AFRICOM to continue to build partnership capacity, while protecting U.S. interests and isolating, degrading, and defeating violent extremist organizations.
“Tunisia is the model for successful African partner development,” Waldhauser added.
https://www.defenceweb.co.za/joint/dipl ... officials/
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Africom : renforcement de la coopération militaire tuniso-américaine
23/05/2019 Business NewsE.B.A Articles de Presse
Le général US Marine, Thomas D. Waldhauser, a rencontré au cours de la semaine dernière, le ministre de la Défense nationale, Abdelkrim Zbidi, pour parler sur la sécurité dans la région et des moyens de renforcer les partenariats entre la Tunisie et les Etats-Unis.
« La Tunisie est un partenaire précieux. Sa participation aux exercices militaires multinationaux et aux missions de transport aérien Africom est active. Elle partage notre engagement à réduire l’influence des organisations extrémistes dans la région », a déclaré le général Waldhauser.
Au cours de sa visite, M. Waldhauser a insisté sur le fait qu’Africom préservera sa coopération, ses partenariats et ses programmes de sécurité en Afrique.
« Les Tunisiens renforcent activement la sécurité régionale en créant la stabilité nécessaire au développement économique. L’assistance en matière de sécurité contribue à renforcer la capacité des partenaires et de la sécurité régionale », a-t-il expliqué.
La Tunisie participe à plusieurs exercices militaires, notamment African Lion, Flintlock et Phoenix Express. D’ailleurs, en 2018 et au cours de cette année, la Tunisie a organisé une partie de l’exercice African Lion conçu pour améliorer la tactique, les techniques et les procédures de lutte contre les organisations extrémistes violentes. La Tunisie organisera, l’année prochaine, des exercices du Phoenix Express.
M. Zbidi a, de son côté, salué le niveau de coopération entre les Etats-Unis et la Tunisie tout en soulignant les progrès réalisés dans la sécurité des frontières, les opérations de lutte contre le terrorisme et les renseignements.https://www.observatoire-securite.tn/fr ... mericaine/